PN Junction Diodes

What is a diode? A diode is an electrical component that allows the current to flow in only one particular direction. Diodes are made up of silicon and germanium. They…

Zener diodes – Operation, Symbol and V-I Characteristics

What are zener diodes? Zener diodes are silicon semiconductor devices that can allow the passage of current in both forward and reverse directions. Unlike p-n junction diodes, they are designed…

Difference between resistance and impedance

When we speak about DC electricity, resistance is the term used to refer to opposition to current flow whereas impedance is the term used in AC electricity. Impedance is basically…

Difference between EMF and Voltage

The difference between EMF and voltage is that the EMF is the potential difference measured across a power source without a load connected to it whereas voltage is the potential…

Difference between volts and amps | Volts vs amps

Volts and amps or ampere are two measures of electricity. Specifically, voltage is the measure of electric potential difference between two points whereas ampere is the measure of electric current.…

Differences between resistance and resistivity

Understanding the differences between resistance and resistivity is very important as they are closely related. This article aims to bring you clarity on resistance and resistivity by comparing each of…

Parallel operation of transformers – Connection & 5 conditions for perfect operation

In order to supply loads exceeding the rating of an existing transformer, two or more transformers are connected in parallel to the existing one. The parallel operation of transformers facilitates…

Ultimate breaking capacity (Icu) and Service breaking capacity (Ics) – IEC 60947-2

Circuit breakers are devices that can protect circuits or loads during overloads and short circuit. The reliability of the circuit breakers during short circuits is determined by Ultimate breaking capacity…

Instrument transformers – Definition, types and connection

What is an instrument transformer? Instrument transformers are current and voltage transformation devices that are used to step down the transmission and distribution line voltages and currents to levels that…

Difference between current transformers and Potential transformers

Current transformers (CT) and Potential Transformers (PT) are instrument transformer types used to step down transmission or distribution line voltages and current to the level that can be measured using…