Impact of Surface Topologies on the electrical properties of high voltage power transmission lines has a huge impact as there is an increased demand for efficient transmission of power from…
Ground Potential Rise (GPR) refers to the increase in electrical potential between the ground and a point of reference when a fault occurs on a power system. It is caused…
Grounding systems are required not only to ensure the safety of the personnel and the safe operation of equipment but also to protect the system from lightning and ensure accurate…
It is vital to maintain good ground in a system. In order to ensure that, ground resistance measurements and tests are conducted on existing earth electrodes at periodic intervals after…
The fall of potential method or 3-point method is the most commonly used method to measure ground resistance. It is used to determine the earth resistance of an existing grounding…
One of the key elements affecting ground resistance is soil resistivity. Soil resistivity measurements are conducted before setting up an earthing system, in order to ensure an effective earthing. Good…
Grounding transformers are used to obtain a neutral when an existing delta-connected or ungrounded systems are to be grounded. These transformers provide a path for the flow of fault currents…
A resonant grounded system can significantly reduce the ground fault currents. This grounding system basically consists of a tuned reactor connected between the neutral and the ground that resonates with…
In a reactance grounded system, the neutral is connected to the ground through an inductance (inductive reactance). The magnitude of the ground fault current can be limited to a value…
Effective electrical earthing plays an important role in safeguarding people from the risk of electric shock and ensures a low impedance path for electric discharges to pass to the general…