Ground potential rise
Ground Potential Rise (GPR) refers to the increase in electrical potential between the ground and a point of reference when a fault occurs on a power system. It is caused…
Factors influencing requirements for a good grounding system
Grounding systems are required not only to ensure the safety of the personnel and the safe operation of equipment but also to protect the system from lightning and ensure accurate…
Methods of Ground/ Earth resistance measurements on existing systems
It is vital to maintain good ground in a system. In order to ensure that, ground resistance measurements and tests are conducted on existing earth electrodes at periodic intervals after…
Fall of potential method or 3-point method for Earth resistance measurements
The fall of potential method or 3-point method is the most commonly used method to measure ground resistance. It is used to determine the earth resistance of an existing grounding…
Power Factor – Definition, Importance, Calculation and Correction techniques
In an AC power system, the power factor is a very important parameter that defines how efficiently electrical power is being utilized by the load. It is a rational number…
What are the basic requirements of a protection system used in a power network or equipment?
The following are the basic requirements of any power system protection system: ReliabilitySimplicitySelectivitySensitivitySpeed of operationEconomy Circuit breaker
What are the essential components of a protective relay?
What are the essential components of a protective relay? The essential components of a protective relay are the following: 1. Sensing element. 2. Comparison element. 3. Control element Related…
What are the main functions of a protection relay?
What are the main functions of a protection relay? The main functions of a protective relay are the following: · Detection of the presence of a fault. · Detection of…
What is a protection relay?
What is a protection relay? Protection relay is an electrical device used to sense an abnormal condition in a power system and operate a circuit breaker…